Use of the program and goal-oriented approach to observe the vertical displacements of the earth’s surface in Russia

The paper considers the problematic issues of the special aspects of solution of the problems of modern geodynamics and technogenic geomechanics in oil and gas fields based on the results of re-levelling. The disadvantages and fundamental errors traditionally made by mining and land surveyors in organizing and performing re-levelling on the territories of oil and gas fields are given. The results of high precision levelling, obtained on the territory of an oil and gas field using the program and goal-oriented approach for its formulation, are presented. The representativeness and sufficient accuracy of obtaining the results of re-levelling allowed us to establish significant speeds of geodynamic and technogenic displacements of the earth’s surface (0.4 - 3.6 mm/year) in the shortest time possible with high economic efficiency

Indigenous peoples' control over contemporary challenges of traditional subsistence socio-ecological systems sustainability: The case from the taiga zone of Siberia

Traditional subsistence socio-ecological systems (TSSESs) based on hunting, gathering and fishing are widely spread all-over the taiga zone of Siberia. Nowadays, they are strongly impacted by several drivers of change, coming from human activities and climate changes with cascading both positive and negative effects on all components of ecosystem functions and services. The effects may influence quality of life of indigenous people and human capacities. Key multi-scale issues and possible ways of their solution are identified in TSSESs of Evenkia municipal district of the Krasnoyarsk region based on scientific research and traditional local knowledge and perceptions integration. Among key issues the degradation of ecosystems heavily impacting local subsistence resources availability (fish and meat for food as well as wild animals’ skins for sale) is the most urgent for the indigenous people living on land. Several negative driving forces both socio-economic and natural such as widespread poaching, forest land auctions and increasing annual rent obligations for hunting grounds to the indigenous peoples, imposing limits (quarters) without taking into account real subsistence need of indigenous communities, non-compensated impact of spreading infrastructure and logging on taiga forest ecosystems and hunting grounds, as well as climate changes, are impacting quality of life and human capacities of indigenous people. This analysis of key issues and driving forces leading to them gives us opportunity to propose several ways of such issues solution. The improvement of control and management of TSSESs sustainability with active participation of indigenous people is the principle way for achieving TSSESs resilience and sustainability

Metallic water: transient state under ultrafast electronic excitation

The modern means of controlled irradiation by femtosecond lasers or swift heavy ion beams can transiently produce such energy densities in samples that reach collective electronic excitation levels of the warm dense matter state where the potential energy of interaction of the particles is comparable to their kinetic energies (temperatures of a few eV). Such massive electronic excitation severely alters the interatomic potentials, producing unusual nonequilibrium states of matter and different chemistry. We employ density functional theory and tight binding molecular dynamics formalisms to study the response of bulk water to ultrafast excitation of its electrons. After a certain threshold electronic temperature, the water becomes electronically conducting via the collapse of its band gap. At high doses, it is accompanied by nonthermal acceleration of ions to a temperature of a few thousand Kelvins within sub-100 fs timescales. We identify the interplay of this nonthermal mechanism with the electron-ion coupling, enhancing the electron-to-ions energy transfer. Various chemically active fragments are formed from the disintegrating water molecules, depending on the deposited dose.Comment: to be submitte

Rational methods of geodetic control of technogenic consequences of the development of oil and gas fields

The methods of controlling the consequences of the influence of manmade geomechanical processes caused by the extraction of hydrocarbons from the subsurface in the fields under development are considered. The possibilities of methods from the standpoint of separate determination of spatial and temporal quantitative parameters characterizing the deformed state of the skeletons of reservoirs and host rocks, the entire thickness of the rock mass above the deposit in an uneven field of compressive stresses and deformations of the earth’s surface are shown. The inconsistency of methods of classical repeated leveling, geodetic positioning and traditional radar interferometry in connection with the low level of representativeness of their results is noted. scientific novelty lies in the development of ways to improve the effectiveness of the method of radar satellite interferometry. As a result, the conditions for the effective use of radar satellite interferometry on the basis of a network of stationary points which coincide with the points of the leveling network method of spot geodetic sounding of deformation processes in the oil and gas fields under development have been determined and characterized

Strongly subradiant states in planar atomic arrays

The optically trapped ensembles of atoms provide a versatile platform for storing and coherent manipulation of quantum information. However, efficient realization of quantum information processing requires long-lived quantum states protected from the decoherence e.g. via spontaneous emission. Here, we theoretically study collective dipolar oscillations in finite planar arrays of quantum emitters in free space and analyze mechanisms that govern the emergence of strongly subradiant collective states. We demonstrate that the external coupling between the collective states associated with the symmetry of the array and with the quasi-flat dispersion of the corresponding infinite lattice plays a crucial role in the boost of their radiative lifetime. We show that among different regular arrangements of the atoms the square atomic arrays support eigenstates with minimal radiative losses that scale with the total number of atoms $N_{tot}$ as $\propto N_{tot}^{-5}$

Assessment of tissue ischemia of nail fold precapillary zones using a fluorescence capillaroscopy

An optical instrument for nailfold fluorescence capillaroscopy and image registration has been developed. With this instrument, an effect of increasing fluorescence intensity in the spectral range of NADH fluorescence during ischemia was detected

Investigation of blood microcirculation parameters in patients with rheumatic diseases by videocapillaroscopy and laser Doppler flowmetry during cold pressor test

Videocapillaroscopy (VCS) and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) are non-invasive methods for evaluating microcirculation parameters. The VCS method is based on a high-speed video recording of capillaries in the nailfold. The recorded video frames are processed using a specialized algorithm to determine the red blood cells velocity. The LDF technique is based on the analysis of the Doppler shift of back-scattered laser radiation from moving red blood cells. In this work, simultaneous measurements of VCS and LDF have been performed in healthy volunteers and rheumatic patient. The study was conducted using a cold pressor test. Changes were recorded in response to cold exposure in rheumatic diseases

Tunable THz flat zone plate based on stretchable single-walled carbon nanotube thin film

Tunable optoelectronics have attracted a lot of attention in recent years because of their variety of applications in next-generation devices. Among the potential uses for tuning optical elements, those allowing consistent parameter control stand out. We present an approach for the creation of mechanically tunable zone plate lenses in the THz range. Our devices comprise single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) thin films of predetermined design integrated with stretchable polymer films. These offer high-performance and in situ tunability of focal length up to 50%. We studied the focusing properties of our lenses using the backward-wave oscillator THz imaging technique, supported by numerical simulations based on the finite element frequency domain method. Our approach may further enable the integration of SWCNT films into photonic and optoelectronic applications and could be of use for the creation of a variety of flexible and stretchable THz optical elements